Method for producing hydrogen - containing gaseous fuel and thermal gas -generator plant

ABSTRACT

The invention relates to a method for producing hydrocarbon-containing gaseous fuel comprises at least three stages. 
     In the first stage water is entered for heating and water steam forming 
     In the second stage hydrocarbon component is entered and mixed with water steam by injecting. The mixture is heated and directed to third and subsequent stages to additional heating for fuel producing. 
     Turbo generator is made as two cylinder tubes, divided on isolated sections. The first section is made with induction heat source for system start-up, the second section is made with injector type mixer. The inner tube cavity forms the firing chamber. In technological cylinder multistage components and mixture heated and additional heating in subsequent sections are realized until forming of hydrogen-containing gaseous fuel. Burning system, worker burner, start-up burner are installed on the firing chamber inlet. Working torch forming element is installed on the firing chamber outlet.

This application is the United States Divisional application of U.S.application Ser. No. 13/709,010 filed Dec. 9, 2012, the entiredisclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to energy-saving technologies, mainly to methodsand plants for converting water H2O into hydrogen-containing gas in theenvironment of catalyst medium from line of C_(n)H_(2n+)2 (diesel fuel,residual oil) during a continuous heat flame medium, when a burningtemperature is above 500° C.

Most often such methods are referred to systems, in which gaseous fuelproduction and implementation by burning are combined into a singlecycle, but they may be also used for accumulation of hydrogen-containinggas fuel.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

One method that is known is of generating hydrogen-containing gas (SUPat No 1144977, 1985), where components are burned in a high temperaturemode

The disadvantage of the method is the high power consumption.

One method that is known is of a getting gas from hydrocarbon rawmaterial (SU Pat No 939380, 1982), wherein water steam, superheated upto 430 degrees, is mixed with hydrocarbons as well as with a heatingsteam and gas mixture.

The disadvantage of the method consists in the necessity to apply anadditional energy source to produce superheated steam and subsequentheating.

Another known method is an application of water steam in its variousphase states, all of which are characterized by different equilibriumstates (Soviet encyclopedic dictionary. M.: 1985,-p 962. Ref. “Steam”).

Another known method is the “Method of producing hydrogen-containing gasin the turbo-generator setup>> (RU Pat. No 2269486,2006).

This method and device for its implementation have the same purpose asthe claimed technical solution while this method is characterized bysequence of operations, has several stages and is combined in a singleclosed cycle. The device corresponds with these stages.

Also in this method technical solution is realized in multistage methodof producing of hydrogen-containing gaseous fuel with closed cycle,including process start-up in the mode of forced warm-up and realizationof a self-heating process in the normal mode of self-heating, whichincludes mixing of the hydrocarbon component and water, their enteringby pumping under the pressure, heating, fuel return and ignition.

In the known technical solution the initial mixing in liquid phase ofwater and hydrocarbon component at normal (20 degrees) temperature ofcomponents does not ensure stability of dispersed composition of themixture, directed in the further on heating to produce fuel.

After cessation of mixing (i.e., from the moment of arriving the mixtureto heat), reverse process starts it is the mixture lamination due todifferent densities of water and hydrocarbon component.

This leads to the heterogeneity of the mixture on the dispersedcomposition. During the subsequent heating of the mixture it is observedalso heterogeneity of the temperature.

This heterogeneity is saved in the final product—the fuel mixture,directed to the torch ignition, causes torch burning instability. Thishappens due to formation of mixture local centers (on composition),where the mixture has no ability to burn. This causes disruption ofignition and extinction of the torch (which is typical for heavyhydrocarbon components). On the other side, there is formation in themixture of local centers of rapid burning, which lead to unauthorizedflash of flame in the torch, which is typical for light hydrocarboncomponents.

As for the known device, it includes relevant elements of the methodrealization, it is also inherent to the claimed technical solution.

Thermal gas generator setup is designed as a single device, which has acomplex multi-section corps. This setup includes a burner system, firingchamber, device for mixing the components, ignition pulse device, pipes,and start-up system, which includes start-up burner with a supply ofcombustible fuel. The device has disadvantages, inherent to theimplemented method, including failure occurrence in the process ofproduction of fuel due to the heterogeneity of the mixture.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The technical problem consists of eliminating the disadvantages of theknown technical solution, ensuring the stability of hydrogen-containinggaseous fuel production, decreasing of energy consumption, andhydrocarbon component discharge.

The technical result consists in obtaining a homogeneous phase state ofthe mixture in the process of fuel production and ensures the stabilityand constancy of the burning of technological firing torch and theworking torch. This result also comprising increased safety ofhydrogen-containing fuel, production including, reduction of thehydrocarbon component discharge.

This result is achieved by the following steps:

realizing of fuel production as a multi stages process, with closedcycle. This cycle has several stages. The first stage occurs when wateris introduced and heated up to water steam formation. At later stageshydrocarbon component is introduced and mixed with water steam to formwater steam and hydrocarbon mixture,

entering separately, by pumping under pressure, the hydrocarboncomponent and water into the heated by firing torch technologicalcylinder, which is divided on isolated sections, number of whichcorresponds the number of fuel producing stages,

additional heating, the mixture up to a temperature of forming ofhydrogen-containing gaseous fuel,

separating the fuel flow and directing one of its parts into ignitionzone, to ensure firing torch burning and other part—for storing and/orexternal consuming,

realizing start-up of process in the forced heating mode, and carryingout of process—in the normal mode of self-heating.

Processes of formation of hydrogen-containing gaseous fuel, in thenormal mode of self-heating, is carried out with heating in three stagesin the first stage water is introduced by pumping under the pressure of0.3-0.5 MPa and it is heated up to the formation of water steam with atemperature of 500-550° C. In the second stage hydrocarbon component isintroduced into the mixer by pumping under pressure of 0.3-0.5 MPa, thiscomponent is mixed with water steam in the mixer by injection underpressure of 0.06-0.25 MPa, at a ratio of water to hydrocarbon componentfrom 1 0.5:1 to 8:1, and the mixture is heated up to a temperature of1000-1100° C., at the third stage the mixture is heated up to atemperature of 1300-2000° C.

Ignition, in the normal mode of self-heating, is carried out by theignition pulse unit with an external source-sparking generator, runningwith a frequency of 1-2 Hz.

Flow of gaseous fuel, in the normal mode of self-heating, is separatedand directed one its part into igniting zone, to form the fire torch,and other part for storage and/or external consumption.

The process of formation and maintenance of the fire torch is carriedout with a turbo charging.

At the process of start-up in a mode of forced heating first performpreliminary pumping of water in an amount of 40-50% of maximum amount ofnormal working volume under pressure 0.3-0.5 MPa. In the first stageheating is carried out until formation of a water steam at a temperature450-500° C. Heating is carried out from an independent source of heat,such as, for example, induction heater.

Ignition of the steam and hydrocarbon mixture, or other fuel components,at start-up of the process in a forced heating mode is carried out froman independent source by ignition spark pulse device with an independentsparking source, which operates with a frequency of 40-50 Hz.

A thermal gas plant for hydrogen-containing gaseous fuel production withclosed cycle comprising corpus, a burner system, firing chamber, unitfor components mixing, pulse ignition unit, pipes and start-up system,including independent induction heat source, start-up burner with asupply of combustible fuel. The plant is equipped with fuel tanks, andmade as separate sealed discharge containers for water and a hydrocarboncomponent, the corpus is made as a two cylindrical tubes, imbedded inone another with a gap, forming technological cylinder, divided on threeisolated sections, so the section number correspond to number of stagesof die process of making of fuel mixture, said cylinder concludes: the1-st section with an independent induction source of heat, sectioncorresponds to vaporization stage, 2-nd section of stage of componentsmixing and heating a steam and gas mixture, 3-d section of theadditional heating stage for the fuel mixture producing, the inner tubecavity forms the firing chamber, unit for mixing is made as injectorwith separate inlets for water as a steam, and hydrocarbon component,with all that outlet of the last section of the technological cylinderis connected via pipe to the inlet of firing chamber, where a burnersystem is installed with ignition device with spark ignition pulsesource, a working burner, start-up burner, while at the firing chamberoutlet working torch is installed forming an element, as a restrictiondevice, a discharge water container is connected via pipe to the inletof a first section of the technological cylinder, an outlet of which isconnected via pipe to 1-st inlet of injector, the second inlet ofinjector is connected via pipe to discharge container of hydrocarboncomponent, injector outlet is connected via pipe to the technologicalcylinder second section, connected via pipe to third section oftechnological cylinder.

A ratio of radii of tubes, forming the technological cylinder for fuelmixture producing is:

0.3<(R1/r2)>0.1:

Where R1—is an outer diameter of the inner tube,

-   -   r2—is an inner diameter of outer tube

The turbo charging unit is installed on the inlet of the burner system.

The constant overpressure of 0.3-0.5 MPa is supported in the dischargecontainers.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1A shows block-diagram of the algorithm, realizing the method:generalized block-diagram of the algorithm

FIG. 1B shows block-diagram of the algorithm, realizing the method:detailed block-diagram with basic elements;

FIG. 2—shows the scheme of three-section thermal gas-generator setup;

FIG. 3—shows profile I-I in FIG. 2;

FIG. 4—shows profile II-II in FIG. 2;

FIG. 5—shows scheme of injection type mixer;

FIG. 6—shows thermal temperature regime in the technological cylinder,

The following designations are used in all drawings:

1—discharge water container; 2—discharge container for hydrocarboncomponent S_(n)H_(2n)+2; 3—working burner; 4—startup burner; 5—externalindependent source-generator with pulsed spark igniter; 6—turbochargerunit; 7—induction (pin) heater of turbo generator startup; 8—injectiontype mixer; 9—fire chamber; 10—first section of the technologicalcylinder; 11—second section of the technological cylinder; 12—thirdsection of technological cylinder; 13—zone of ignition; inflammation andfire torch formation; 14—zone of technological burning of firing torch(firing torch zone); 15—unit for forming the working torch, 16—workingtorch zone, 17—technological pipe for water supply by pumping from thedischarge water container (1) into the first section (10) oftechnological cylinder; 18—technological pipe for supply hydrocarboncomponent S_(n)H_(2n)+2 by pumping from the discharge hydrocarboncontainer (2) into the injection type mixer (8); 19—technological pipefor steam supply from the first section (10) of technological cylinderinto the injection type mixer (8); 20—technological pipe for steam andhydrocarbons mixture supply from the mixer (8) into the second section(11) of technological cylinder; 21—technological pipe for steam andhydrocarbons mixture supply from the second section (11) into the thirdsection (12) of the technological cylinder; 22—technological pipe forsteam and hydrocarbons mixture supply from the second section (11) intothe start-up burner (4) (return of fuel in the forced heating mode);23—technological pipe for fuel supply from the third section (12) oftechnological cylinder into working burner (3) (return of the fuel inthe normal mode of self-heating); 24—pipe of fuel take-off for externalfuel consumer; 25—control valve; 26—the place of water loading into thedischarge container (1); 27—the place of hydrocarbon fuel loading intothe discharge container (2): 28—devices for control the head and thepressure in the technological pipes; 29—water steam generation(realizing of process of water steam generation (1, 10) water supplyfrom 1 into 10 for vaporization); 30—fire torch formation; 31—mixing andheating of the water steam and hydrocarbon mixture; 32—heating of thesteam and hydrocarbon mixture for fuel producinc; 33—inner cylinder ofthermal gas generator; 34—outer cylinder of thermal gas generator:a)—supply of steam and hydrocarbon mixture from the second section (11)of the technological cylinder for running process, b)—supply ofcombustible mixture from an external source for running process,c—supply of hydrocarbon component for running process; 35—technologicalcylinder heating.

The essence of the proposed method consists in the following:

The method and the setup realizes the dependence ofH₂O+S_(n)H_(2n+2)=H_(n)+CO₂ in high-temperature multi-stage mode.

The thermal ability of carbon is best utilized at water gas.

On the vaporization of water gas of carbon it is requires 8% of its ownresources, with all that the water gas consists mainly of CO (40-60%)and H2 (30-50%).

Water gas formation is a complex, at least two-stage process: at 500° C.it is a complete decomposition on hydrogen and carbon dioxide(C+2H2O=2H2+CO2, at 1000-1200° C.—it is a decomposition on hydrogen andcarbon monoxide (CO2+C=2CO).

If the water is taken in a steam state, the decomposition of water steam(C+H2O=CO+H2) is accompanied by heat losses, and therefore leads tocooling. In relation to these, to compensate heat losses, temperature ofthe first stage of heating must be higher than temperature of finalstage—it must be not less than 1300° C.

Presence of the turbo pumping (air, oxygen or other additional oxidant)gives a possibility to obtain so-called generator gas with a temperatureof mixture burning of 1935° C., at actual absence on the outputenvironmentally harmful components.

The essence of method is shown in the block-diagram of algorithm itsrealization (FIG. 1).

The method includes (FIG. 1A) a fire torch forming and providing oftechnological burning (30) for heating components and mixture in thetechnological cylinder (35).

To provide the process realization, and a claimed technical problemdecision it envisage separation of the technological streams withseparate supply (17-18) components—water (1) and the hydrocarboncomponent (2).

Water is supplied for heating and vaporization (29) for subsequent steamsupply (19) for mixing with the hydrocarbon component and subsequentheating of the steam and hydrocarbon mixture (31), which already at thisstage may be a flammable mixture.

This mixture is used during start-up of system (22). Then, the mixtureis sent to the next stages of processing (32)—for additional warmup(20-21). The resulting fuel is sent to the system inlet for ignition(23), it used also to create a working torch at the setup outlet.

Heating of components and mixture (35) in normal mode is carried out bymeans of technological cylinder, having several sections, according tothe stages number for implementing of the method.

Components—water and hydrocarbon component are loaded into sealedcontainers (1, 2) under the constant pressure of 0.3-0.5 MPa to ensuretheir uninterrupted supply to the system by pumping through controlvalves (25) (FIG. 1A, FIG. 2). Loading can be carried out periodically,as fast, as component discharge, or continuously.

Because the basis is taken in a three-stage process, in the first stagein the normal mode of self-heating, water is heated up to superheatedsteam with temperature of 500-550° C., and in the start-up mode withforced heating up to temperature of 450-500° C.

The resulting superheated steam is directed to the mixing with thehydrocarbon components. Mixing is provided by injection (8) of steam(FIG. 5).

Then the steam and hydrocarbon mixture is additionally heated in thesecond section of the technological cylinder (11) and in the thirdsection (12) mixture is heated up to a temperature of formation ofgaseous fuel, which in the normal mode of self-heating is directed toreturn (23) for igniting and flame torch formation.

In the start-up mode with forced heating (7) the steam and hydrocarbonmixture is directed (22) for ignition from the second section (11).

The efficiency of the method consists in increasing the stability ofprocess of hydrogen-containing gaseous fuel and producing (with asignificant reduction of failures number), a reduction of powerconsumption and hydrocarbon component discharge (increasing the value ofindicator of water/diesel fuel ratio).

The table below shows the comparative characteristics of the knowntechnical solutions and proposed method. These characteristics confirmthe efficiency of proposed method and its possibility to solve theclaimed technical problem.

TABLE Example of a concrete implementation of the method and thetechnical characteristics of thermal gas generator plant, realizing themethod Plant Plant “Grantstroy” “Grantstroy” type type VTPGU-1 VTTGU-700series series of of 2009 2011 (implementation (implementation TechnicalUnit of of the of the characteristic measurement prototype) claimedsolution) discharge of liters per 20-25 20-25 Water H2O hour Diesel fuelliters per 3.0-3.1 2.4-2.5 discharge in hour normal mode Water/dieselfuel (6.5:1)-(8.0:1) (8.0:1)-(10.4:1) ratio Average (7.25:1) Average(9.5:1) (87.9:12.1)% (90.5:9.5)% Setup outer mm 203 203 diameter Thermalpower Gcal 1.0 1.0 Average frequency Flame 0.1 001 of the flame failureper failure on an hour operating time of 1,000 hours

Implementation of the Method

The method is implemented using the plant, including appropriateelements that are made as a single device, which has a complex multisection corpus, a burner system (30), the firing chamber (9), injectiontype unit for mixing the components (8), the puke ignition unit (5),pipes and start-up system, including start-up burner (4) with a supplyof combustible fuel (a, b, or c).

The corpus is made single as two cylindrical tubes, imbedded in oneanother (33, 34), with a gap, forming technological cylinder.

Technological cylinder is heated by the firing torch, it is divided onhermetically isolated sections (10, 11, and 12)—the section numbercorresponds to the stages number of the fuel mixture making process.

The first section (10) corresponds to vaporization stage. This sectionis equipped with an independent induction source of heat (7) forrealizing the start-up process.

The second plant part, corresponding to stage of components mixing andheating of a water steam and gas mixture, includes a section 11 oftechnological cylinder, injection type mixer (8).

The third section (12) serves for final warming-up of mixture andproducing of fuel.

Inner tube cavity (9) with an inner diameter r1 forms the firing chamberof firing torch formation (13, 14) for the technological cylinderheating.

Unit for mixing (8), of the second stage, is made as an injector with aseparate entries (19) for water, in the steam form, and hydrocarboncomponent (18).

The plant is equipped with fuel tanks, which are made as separate,sealed, discharge containers for water (1) and the hydrocarbon component(2).

Discharge water container (1) is connected via pipe (17) to the inlet ofthe first section of the technological cylinder of vaporization chamber(10), the outlet of vaporization chamber is connected via pipe to theinjector first inlet, the second inlet of which is connected to thehydrocarbon component discharge container, the injector outlet isconnected via pipe to a section (11) for heating a steam and gasmixture, section (11) for heating a steam and gas mixture is connectedvia pipe (21) with a additional heating chamber (12) to form a fuelmixture, outlet this chamber is connected via pipe (23) to the inlet ofthe firing chamber (9), where the turbine burner system is installed,this system has ignition device with spark-ignition pulse source (5),working burner (3) start-up burner (4), on the firing chamber outlet isinstalled the working torch formation element (16), as a constrict unit,(15).

Ratio of radii of tubes, forming the technological cylinder for fuelmixture producing is:

0.3<(R1/r2)>0.1;

Where: R1—is the outer diameter of the inner tube,

-   -   r2—is the inner diameter of outer tube,

At the turbine burner system inlet is installed turbocharger unit (6),and into the discharge containers (1.2) is maintained constantoverpressure of 0.3-0.5 MPa.

The graph of FIG. 6 shows dependence of the temperature in thetechnological cylinder on its sections.

1. A thermal gas plant with closed cycle for producinghydrogen-containing gaseous fuel comprising a corpus made as a twocylindrical tubes, imbedded in one another with a gap, said corpusforming a technological cylinder, said technological cylinder divided onthree isolated sections so the section number correspond to number ofstages of a process of making a fuel mixture, a first section with anindependent induction source of heat, said section corresponds tovaporization stage, a second section with unit for components mixing andheating a steam and gas mixture, a third section of an additionalheating stage for the fuel mixture producing a burner system, saidburner system comprising a working burner, start-up burner with ignitiondevice with spark ignition pulse source, a firing chamber forming in aninner tithe cavity, a pulse ignition unit, and a start-up system, saidstart-up system including independent induction heat source, start-upburner with a supply of combustible fuel, fuel tanks, made as separatesealed discharge containers for water and a hydrocarbon component, theunit for components mixing is made as an injector with separate inletsfor water as a steam, and a hydrocarbon component, an outlet of thethird section of the technological cylinder is connected to the inlet ofthe firing chamber, where the burner system is installed, while at thefiring chamber outlet a working torch is installed forming an element asa restriction device, the discharge water container is connected to theinlet of the first section of the technological cylinder, an outlet ofthe first section is connected to a first inlet of the injector, thesecond inlet of the injector is connected to the discharge container ofthe hydrocarbon component, an injector outlet is connected to the secondsection, the second section connected to third section of technologicalcylinder.
 2. The thermal gas plant according to claim 1, wherein ratioof radii of tubes, forming the technological cylinder for fuel mixtureproducing is:0.3>(R1/r2)>0.1; where R1—outer diameter of the inner tube, r2—innerdiameter of outer tube
 3. The thermal gas plant according to claim 1,wherein the turbo charging unit is installed on the inlet of the burnersystem.
 4. The thermal gas plant according to claim 1, wherein aconstant overpressure of 0.3-0.5 MPa is supported in the dischargecontainers.